The particles gain kinetic energy and vibrate faster and faster. This allows the particles to overcome forces off attraction that holds them in place in the state of a solid. The regular pattern is broken down and the particles are free to 'slide over' each other.
Liquid to Solid- (freezing)
The particles lose kinetic energy and this allows the forces of attraction between the particles to hold them together. The particles arrange themselves into a regular pattern and cannot slide over each other.
Liquid to Gas- (boiling)
The particles gain kinetic energy and move further apart. Eventually the forces of attraction between the particles are completely destroyed and are then able to escape from the liquid.
Gas to Liquid- (condensing)
The particles lose kinetic energy and this allows the forces of attraction to bring the particles closer together. The particles eventually clump together to form a liquid.
Solid to Gas- (sublimation)
The particles gain kinetic energy and vibrate faster and faster. Eventually the forces of attraction between particles are completely broken and they are able to escape from the solid.
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